The basic gameplay of Boulder Dash requires the hero to dig through caves to collect gems. Digging simply involves moving your character in any direction. If you dig under an object, however, that object can fall down and crush you. Your goal is to collect enough gems (which can also crush you) while avoiding boulders and other obstacles within the time limit. Meanwhile, there are a number of unique creatures that need to be avoided or used to your advantage. Once you collect enough gems, a doorway will open to the next level. The solutions to every level isn't immediately obvious and can have a strong puzzle component to them.

